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- $Unique_ID{BRK03819}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Herpes, Neonatal}
- $Subject{Herpes Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection of Newborn Herpesvirus
- Hominis Infection of Newborn }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 353:
- Herpes, Neonatal
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Neonatal Herpes) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Herpes Simplex Infection of Newborn
- Herpesvirus Hominis Infection of Newborn
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Neonatal Herpes is a very rare disorder affecting newborn infants
- infected with the Herpes simplex virus (HSV), also called Herpesvirus
- hominis. This disorder can vary from mild to severe. In most cases the
- disorder is transferred by a parent with oral or genital herpes to an
- offspring before, during, or shortly after birth.
-
- In the mild form, Neonatal Herpes is caused by type 2 virus. The skin,
- eyes, and mouth may become infected, and symptoms may recur for some time.
-
- In its severe form, which is caused by type 1 virus, Neonatal Herpes is a
- serious disease characterized by blistery (vesicular) red lesions of the skin
- and mucous membranes. Liver, spleen, lungs, brain, kidneys, and adrenal
- glands may also become infected.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The mild form of Neonatal Herpes is usually present at birth. It consists of
- red skin lesions which are flat and not blistery. Eyes and mouth may also be
- infected, and fever may occur. This form of the disorder may recur during
- infancy until the child develops antibodies against the virus, usually by one
- year of age.
-
- Onset of the severe form of Neonatal Herpes is usually between the 5th
- and the 9th day of life. Clustered blistery lesions occur on the skin and
- mucous membranes, and appetite decreases. Infection of the cornea and the
- inside of the eyelids (keratoconjunctivitis) is also possible. Ulcerations
- may appear on the soft palate or the esophagus.
-
- The infection may spread to the lungs and cause difficulty breathing
- (dyspnea). Enlargement of liver and spleen may occur, usually accompanied by
- jaundice. The temperature of the infant may fluctuate. Lethargy, a reduced
- muscle tone (hypotonia), and blood coagulation inside the blood vessels are
- other signs of the more serious form of Neonatal Herpes. The adrenal glands
- and the kidneys may also be affected. Convulsions and other signs of Central
- Nervous System involvement may also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- Neonatal Herpes is caused by an infection of the newborn by the Herpes
- simplex virus, also called Herpesvirus hominis. The milder form of the
- disorder is caused by type 2 virus, which is present in the birth canal when
- the mother has a genital herpes infection. The more severe form is caused by
- type 1 Herpes simplex virus.
-
- The more severe form of Neonatal Herpes occurs less frequently than the
- milder form and may also be a consequence of maternal genital herpes
- infection. It is also possible that infection takes place in the uterus
- during pregnancy. A mother who does not have symptoms of a herpes infection
- may breast-feed an infant with milk that contains the herpes virus, thus
- infecting the infant. An attendant at the birthing process may also transfer
- his or her infection to the newborn child if sterile precautions are not
- adequate.
-
- Neonatal Herpes may also affect babies with immune system deficiencies.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Neonatal Herpes is a very rare disorder. It affects about 1 in 5,000 to
- 7,500 live births. During their first year of life, these infants usually
- develop antibodies against the Herpes virus. Only malnourished infants,
- those with an impaired immune system, or otherwise weakened infants tend to
- carry the infection after one year.
-
- Infants born to a mother with a first time Herpes infection late in her
- pregnancy are at higher risk to develop Neonatal Herpes than infants of
- mothers with recurrent Herpes infection. In the first case the mother has
- not yet developed antibodies against the virus which would ordinarily protect
- her baby.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- When a mother shows signs of a genital Herpes infection, delivery by cesarian
- section is advised.
-
- It is important to notify the physician when a pregnant woman or her
- sexual partner are carrying Herpes virus, because the baby might become
- infected with the virus during the birth process. A culture of baby and
- mother may be done at birth. If tests are positive, treatment of the virus
- can be started immediately after birth.
-
- Vidarabine (Ara-A, Vira-A), and acyclovir (Zovirax) are the drugs most
- commonly used to treat herpes virus infections. If treatment is started
- early enough, the disorder usually remains restricted to the skin, eyes, and
- mucous membranes, and does not progress to the more serious form of the
- disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Neonatal Herpes, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- HERPES AND PREGNANCY: John H. Grossman, and Susan Hilbert; The Helper,
- Herpes Resource Center (Fall 1985). Pp. 1-5.
-
- RESEARCH UPDATE, NEONATAL HERPES: Ann Arvin, and Charles Prober; The
- Helper, Herpes Resource Center (Summer 1986). Pp. 1-5.
-
-